FeatureMerger

Merges the attributes and/or geometry of one set of features onto another set of features, based on matching key attribute values and expressions.

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Typical Uses

Combining attributes and/or geometry from two different streams of features, based on a common key attribute value or expression.

How does it work?

The FeatureMerger receives two streams of features via its input ports.

Requestor: Requestors are the features that will receive new attributes and/or geometry.

Supplier: Suppliers provide attributes and/or geometry to be merged onto the Requestors.

Matches between Requestor and Supplier are identified according to the Join On configuration in the parameters dialog. The Join conditions can be simple or complex, using attribute values, constants, functions, or a combination of any of these in expression form. Multiple join conditions can be defined (features must meet all conditions to match).

When a Requestor finds a matching Supplier, the attributes and/or geometry from the Supplier are merged onto the Requestor.

If the Requestor already has an attribute that the Supplier also has, the Requestor's original value for that attribute can be preserved or overridden.
A single Supplier may be used by many Requestors.
Many Suppliers can be merged onto a single Requestor.
When attribute names conflict, you can choose whether Requestor or Supplier attribute values are maintained by using the Conflict Resolution parameter, and whether null values follow the same behavior by using the Ignore Nulls parameter.

Requestor features match Supplier features when every pair of keys (which support expressions) specified in the Join On table has the same value for both the Requestor and Supplier features.

Examples

Example: Merging attributes and geometry to CSV data

In this example, we have two datasets - a CSV text file of historical crime reports, and a shapefile of public streets. Both of the datasets have one piece of information in common, that is an address in the form of “hundred” block.

The FeatureJoiner would likely be more effective to do a simple attribute value join, however, the format of the address is slightly different in each dataset. The CSV data uses the string “XX” in place of zeroes in the address:

And the street data has the more conventional form, with zeroes:

Our goal is to merge the street geometry onto the crime data - producing one output feature for each crime record. And so, The CSV data is routed into the Requestor input port, and the streets are routed into the Supplier port.

In the parameters dialog, we need to create a Join On pair of Requestor and Supplier values. As the format of the addresses is not identical, we will adjust one, constructing a key. With the assistance of the Text Editor, we create an expression that will replace the “XX” of the address with “00”, and so match the format of the street (Supplier) data.

The other half of the pairing is the attribute value HBLOCK from the street data.

Feature Merge Type is set to Attributes and Geometry. The default values for Attribute Accumulation (Merge Supplier) will provide the correct results.

The Merged output contains crime records, now with geometry for the street and associated street attributes. Note that the address format was not actually changed by the constructed expression - it was just used for matching evaluation. In this location, 107 crime records were found. Each one now has (identical) geometry.

To see this example reversed - attaching all crime records to a single street - see the next example.

Usage Notes

For simple joins, the FeatureJoiner may provide better performance than the FeatureMerger. However, the FeatureJoiner only accepts attribute values as keys and not constructed expressions, and does not support list attributes. Additionally, the FeatureMerger is able to (optionally) restrict output to one feature in the case of multiple matching Suppliers, whereas the FeatureJoiner will create multiple features for all matches.
For complex joins using SQL syntax, or more than two input feature streams, consider using the InlineQuerier.
Where multiple FeatureMergers are required, consider using the InlineQuerier instead.
If all the data to be queried already exists in a SQL-capable data source, it will be more efficient to use the SQLCreator or SQLExecutor, which allows the queries and filtering of the data to be executed directly by the database before it enters the FME environment.
To perform a join between features already in the workspace and data residing in an external database, consider the DatabaseJoiner.
To perform a join where the Requestor key is a list attribute, consider using the ListBasedFeatureMerger.
To join features on matching geometry, consider the Matcher. The FeatureMerger does not accept geometry as a key.
To join all Suppliers to all Requestors when there is no common join value, setting Join On > Requestor and Join On > Supplier to the same constant value (for example, 1 and 1) will merge all to all. Enable Generate List to store multiple matches per feature.

Choosing a Feature Joining Method

Many transformers can perform data joining based on matching attributes, expressions and/or geometry. When choosing one for a specific joining task, considerations include the complexity of the join, data format, indexing, conflict handling, and desired results. Some transformers use SQL syntax, and some access external databases directly. They may or may not support list attribute reading and creation.

Generally, choosing the one that is most specific to the task you need to accomplish will provide the optimal performance results. If there is more than one way to do it (which is frequently the case), time spent on performance testing alternate methods may be worthwhile. Performance may vary greatly depending on the existence of key indexes when reading external tables (as opposed to features already in the workspace).

Joining Transformers Comparison

Transformer	Match By	Uses SQL Statements	Can Create List	Input Type	Notable	Description
FeatureJoiner	Attributes	No	No	Features	Best performance for simple joins on attribute values Cannot create lists - represents multiple joins as multiple output features Cannot use constructed keys or expressions	Joins features by combining the attributes and/or geometry of features based on common key attribute values. Performs the equivalent of Inner, Left, and Full SQL joins.
FeatureMerger	Attributes	No	Yes	Features	Can use expressions as keys (constructed keys) Can create lists – represents multiple joins as a list on a single feature Cannot match on geometry	Merges the attributes and/or geometry of one set of features onto another set of features, based on matching key attribute values and expressions.
ListBasedFeatureMerger	List Attribute to Single Attribute	No	Yes	Features	Only joining transformer to use all list attribute contents as keys (others may use one specific value in a list, but not the entire list)	Merges the attributes and/or geometry of one set of features onto another set of features, based on matching list attribute values with key attribute values and expressions.
InlineQuerier	SQL query	Yes	No	Features	Use SQL on non-SQL data Allows multiple join/SQL statements, and so can replace multiple transformers with one	Creates a set of SQLite database tables from incoming features, executes SQL queries against them, and outputs the results as features.
SQLCreator	SQL query	Yes	No	External DB	Best if all features already in SQL-capable source Read an external DB table mid-translation	Generates FME features from the results of a SQL query executed once against a database. One FME feature is created for each row of the results of the SQL query.
SQLExecutor	SQL query	Yes	No	External DB	Best for complex joins between features and SQL-capable source Read an external DB table mid-translation	Executes SQL queries against a database. One query is issued to the database for each initiating feature that enters the transformer. Both the initiating features and the results of the query may be output as features.
DatabaseJoiner	Attributes	No	Yes	External DB and Features	Best for simple joins between features and a database table Very efficient if keys indexed, and caches data locally Read an external DB table mid-translation Non-blocking	Joins attributes from an external table to features already in a workspace, based on a common key or keys. SQL knowledge not required. Non-blocking transformer.
Matcher	Geometry and/or Attributes	No	Yes	Features	The only one of these methods that can use geometry as key for matching Can look for attribute differences Uses geometry, not spatial relationships	Detects features that are matches of each other. Features are declared to match when they have matching geometry, matching attribute values, or both. A list of attributes which must differ between the features may also be specified. If matching on attributes only (not geometry), using the FeatureMerger or another method will give better performance.

Configuration

Input Ports

Output Ports

Parameters

Group Processing

Group By

The input features may be partitioned by the Group By parameter. If you choose any Group By attributes, then references between features will only be resolved if they share a common value for the selected attributes.

If you do not choose any Group By attributes, all features are processed together.

If you have more than one Reader, a typical use is to group by reader_id to ensure that references are resolved within the correct set of features.

Complete Groups

Select the point in processing at which groups are processed:

When All Features Received	This is the default behavior. Processing will only occur in this transformer once all input is present.
When Group Changes (Advanced)	This transformer will process input groups in order. Changes of the value of the Group By parameter on the input stream will trigger processing on the currently accumulating group. This may improve overall speed (particularly with multiple, equally-sized groups), but could cause undesired behavior if input groups are not truly ordered.

Join On

Requestor

Specify an expression from the Requestor feature to match with the Supplier feature expression.

An expression can be a constant, attribute value, function or mixture. Leading and trailing space characters are trimmed from the evaluated expressions. Matches are made when the trimmed values of all the Requestor expressions equal the trimmed values of their corresponding Supplier expressions.

Supplier

Specify an expression from the Supplier feature to match with the Requestor feature expression.

Generally, the Suppliers will have expressions defined that result in a unique match with a Requestor, and any duplicate Suppliers are ignored by the transformer. However, if the Process Duplicate Suppliers parameter is set to Yes, then all Suppliers whose expressions match their corresponding Requestor expressions will be combined onto that Requestor.

Comparison Mode

The Comparison Mode column specifies how to perform the comparison between Requestor and Supplier attribute values. If Automatic or Numeric is specified, an attempt will be made to convert attribute values to numbers before comparing them.

Merge Parameters

Feature Merge Type

This parameter specifies what to merge onto the completed feature. Choices include:

Attributes Only: The Suppliers’ attributes will be joined to the attributes of the Requestor features.
Geometry: Supplier geometry will replace Requestor geometry.
Attributes and Geometry: Both the geometry and attributes from the Suppliers are joined to the Requestor features. Any geometry on the Requestor will be overwritten.

Reject Null and Missing Keys

Yes: Any Requestor or Supplier feature that contains a null or missing join key is output via the <Rejected> port.

No: Null and missing keys are treated as empty strings.

Process Duplicate Suppliers

If more than one Supplier is found for a given Requestor, and Process Duplicate Suppliers is not enabled, then every Supplier after the first is output via the <Rejected> port and only the first of the Suppliers will be matched with a Requestor.

If Process Duplicate Suppliers is enabled, duplicate Suppliers are all matched with the corresponding Requestor. Attributes are merged based on the Attribute Accumulation mode, and optionally output as a list attribute of the Requestor, using the specified List Name. The Supplier geometry is merged using the specified Geometry Merge Type.

Note that enabling Generate List also implicitly enables Process Duplicate Suppliers.

Geometry Merge Type

Specifies how to merge duplicate Suppliers onto the Requestor. It is applicable only if Feature Merge Type specifies to merge geometry. Choices include:

Build Polygons: If the Suppliers consist exclusively of polygon and donut polygon features, any common border segments will be removed. If the Suppliers contain at least one non-donut or non-polygon feature, then the transformer will form polygons and donuts from the Suppliers and will join connected line segments of the Supplier features before setting the geometry of the Requestor feature. In this case, the geometry may be an aggregate if several disjoint geometries were created.
Build Aggregates: The transformer will create an aggregate of the geometries of the Supplier features. (If there is only one Supplier feature, then the Requestor geometry will be an aggregate with one element.)
Build Lines from Points: The transformer will connect the points of the Supplier features into lines. Note that any non-point features that are referenced will be ignored when building lines.

Tolerance

The minimum distance between geometries in 2D before they are considered equal, in ground units. If the tolerance is None, the geometries must be exactly identical to be considered equal. If the tolerance is Automatic, a tolerance will be automatically computed based on the location of the input geometries. Additionally, a custom tolerance may be used.

See Geometry Concepts > Tolerance.

Connect Z Mode

If applicable, select a method for handling z values.

Connect Z Mode

When viewed in 2D (ignoring Z), a path (which may define the border of a polygon) may appear to be closed as shown in the left figure below. This same path, when viewed in 3D, may appear to be open as shown in the right figure below.

To specify how (and if) paths should be closed in 3D, select one of the listed modes.

Mode	Description	Example
Extend	The Curve is extended so that all vertices are left at their original location.
Average	Subsequent vertices that are not connected, but share an x and a y value are combined into one vertex, whose Z value is the average of the original two.
First Wins	Subsequent vertices that are not connected, but share an x and a y value are combined into one vertex, whose Z value is taken from the first encountered vertex.
Last Wins	Subsequent vertices that are not connected, but share an x and a y value are combined into one vertex, whose Z value is taken from the last encountered vertex.
Ignore	Z values are ignored. No change is made to the way the nodes are connected.

Number of Suppliers Attribute

The name of an attribute which will store a count of the number of Suppliers matched a Requestor.

Attribute Accumulation

If attributes on the Supplier and Requestor feature share the same name, but are not geometry attributes that start with fme_, then they are deemed conflicted.

Accumulation Mode	Merge Supplier: The Requestor feature will retain all of its own un-conflicted attributes, and will additionally acquire any un-conflicted attributes that the supplier feature has. This mode will handle conflicted attributes based on the Conflict Resolution parameter. Prefix Supplier: The Requestor feature will retain all of its own attributes. In addition, the Requestor will acquire attributes reflecting the supplier feature’s attributes, with the name prefixed with the Prefix parameter. Replace with Single Supplier: The Requestor feature will have all of its attributes removed, except geometry attributes that start with fme_. Then, all of the attributes from one (arbitrary) supplier feature will be placed onto the Requestor.
Conflict Resolution	Use Requestor: If a conflict occurs, the Requestor values will be maintained. Use Supplier: If a conflict occurs, the values of the supplier will be transferred onto the Requestor.
Ignore Nulls	No: Treat null attribute values like other attribute values. Yes: Treat null attribute values as less important than other attribute values. Whenever a null value is merged with a non-null value, the non-null value shall prevail, regardless of what Conflict Resolution is set to. Note Null and other attribute values are always more dominant than missing attribute values. That is, whenever an attribute value is merged with a missing attribute value, the attribute value shall prevail, regardless of the Ignore Nulls and Conflict Resolution settings.
Prefix	To prevent a Supplier attribute from being ignored because the Requestor attribute already exists, you can optionally specify a prefix that will be applied to each Supplier attribute when it is added to the Requestor. When there are multiple Supplier features for a Requestor feature, multiple Supplier attribute values are merged into the same prefixed attribute. When multiple Supplier features have the same attribute, generally the resulting attribute value is taken from the last of these features. However, this process is governed by the Ignore Nulls parameter.

Generate List

If there are duplicate Suppliers and Generate List is enabled, then any Suppliers that are combined with a Requestor will have their attributes added to the specified list on the Requestor. Note that enabling Generate List also implicitly enables Process Duplicate Suppliers.

Note List attributes are not accessible from the output schema in FME Workbench unless they are first processed using a transformer that operates on them, such as ListExploder or ListConcatenator. Alternatively, AttributeExposer can be used.

List Name

Enter a name for the list attribute.

Add To List

All Attributes: Every attribute from a Supplier that combined with a Requestor will be added to the list specified in List Name.

Selected Attributes: Only the attributes specified in the Selected Attributes parameter will be added to the list specified in List Name.

Selected Attributes

The attributes to be added to the list when Add To List is Selected Attributes.

Advanced

Preserve Feature Order

This parameter controls the order in which features exit a transformer.

When a transformer has more than one output port, features usually exit one port at a time. At times, it may be useful to keep the order that features arrived in, switching from port to port as necessary. This allows feature order to be preserved, though at a potential cost in processing efficiency.

Select a method for feature ordering.

Per Output Port (Default)

Only preserve the input order of features as they occur within the group of features exiting a given output port.

All features exiting an output port retain their ordering relative to each other (within the group), but not relative to features exiting other output ports.

This option is generally the most efficient, where large chunks of features will exit an output port together (taking advantage of bulk mode).

As features exiting different output ports may not be strictly output in the order they arrived, output ordering may be unpredictable.

Across Output Ports

Strictly preserve the input order of features, regardless of which output port they exit. Features will be output singly in the same order they arrived, switching from port to port as necessary. This option is generally less efficient as the processing gains of bulk mode are less likely to apply - however, feature order is predictable.

Editing Transformer Parameters

Transformer parameters can be set by directly entering values, using expressions, or referencing other elements in the workspace such as attribute values or user parameters. Various editors and context menus are available to assist. To see what is available, click beside the applicable parameter.

How to Set Parameter Values

Defining Values

There are several ways to define a value for use in a Transformer. The simplest is to simply type in a value or string, which can include functions of various types such as attribute references, math and string functions, and workspace parameters.

Using the Text Editor

The Text Editor provides a convenient way to construct text strings (including regular expressions) from various data sources, such as attributes, parameters, and constants, where the result is used directly inside a parameter.

Text Editor

Using the Arithmetic Editor

The Arithmetic Editor provides a convenient way to construct math expressions from various data sources, such as attributes, parameters, and feature functions, where the result is used directly inside a parameter.

Arithmetic Editor

Conditional Values

Set values depending on one or more test conditions that either pass or fail.

Parameter Condition Definition Dialog

Content

Expressions and strings can include a number of functions, characters, parameters, and more.

When setting values - whether entered directly in a parameter or constructed using one of the editors - strings and expressions containing String, Math, Date/Time or FME Feature Functions will have those functions evaluated. Therefore, the names of these functions (in the form @<function_name>) should not be used as literal string values.

Content Types

String Functions	These functions manipulate and format strings.
Special Characters	A set of control characters is available in the Text Editor.
Math Functions	Math functions are available in both editors.
Date/Time Functions	Date and time functions are available in the Text Editor.
Math Operators	These operators are available in the Arithmetic Editor.
FME Feature Functions	These return primarily feature-specific values.
FME Parameters	FME and workspace-specific parameters may be used.
Creating and Modifying User Parameters	Create your own editable parameters.

Dialog Options - Tables

Table Tools

Transformers with table-style parameters have additional tools for populating and manipulating values.

Row Reordering

Enabled once you have clicked on a row item. Choices include:

Add a row
Remove a row
Move current row up one
Move current row down one
Move current row to top
Move current row to bottom

Cut, Copy, and Paste

Enabled once you have clicked on a row item. Choices include:

Cut a row - delete and copy to clipboard
Copy a row to the clipboard
Paste a row from the clipboard

Cut, copy, and paste may be used within a transformer, or between transformers.

Filter

Start typing a string, and the matrix will only display rows matching those characters. Searches all columns. This only affects the display of attributes within the transformer - it does not alter which attributes are output.

Import

Import populates the table with a set of new attributes read from a dataset. Specific application varies between transformers.

Reset/Refresh

Generally resets the table to its initial state, and may provide additional options to remove invalid entries. Behavior varies between transformers.

Note: Not all tools are available in all transformers.

For more information, see Transformer Parameter Menu Options.

Reference

Processing Behavior	Group-Based
Feature Holding	Yes
Dependencies	None
Aliases
History

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Examples may contain information licensed under the Open Government Licence – Vancouver, Open Government Licence - British Columbia, and/or Open Government Licence – Canada.