In this example, we will create pyramids for an orthophoto. The source image is 1 meter resolution, at 1600 by 1000 pixels. Note the Min and Max Extents - these will remain unchanged as the image is resampled.

The raster is routed into a RasterPyramider.

In the parameters dialog, we select Number of Levels as the method, and set that number to 4.

Force Level Sizes to be Powers of Two is set to Yes - this will force raster dimensions to the commonly-used progression of powers of two - see Parameters below for more details on how this works.

Five raster features are output - the original, which is Level 0, plus four new pyramided rasters.

Pyramid Level 1

Pyramid Level 1 is the closest to the original raster, with new dimensions, 1024 by 512, according to the Powers of Two parameter.

Note that the geographic extents are the same as the original - but the pixel size (spacing) and resolution have changed.

Pyramid Level 4

At Pyramid Level 4, the geographic extents are still the same but the raster itself is much smaller at 128 by 64 pixels.

A closer look at the bridge detail clearly illustrates the results of resampling for different levels.

Note on Powers of Two

Using the Powers of Two parameter will produce raster dimensions with common and useful numbers for display purposes. However, if the source raster’s dimensions are not originally a power of two, as may often be the case, pyramiding using powers of two will produce pixels that are not square in ground units.

In this example, the source image pixels are 1 meter square (Spacing 1,1). At pyramid level 1, the spacing (pixel size in ground units) becomes 1.5625, 1.93125. The difference in the width and height of the pixel is a result of finding the nearest power of two numbers to scale vertically and horizontally - that is, interpolating 1600 x 1000 to 1024 by 512 within the same geographic extents.

Working with Rasters

These transformers generally apply to whole rasters.

RasterCellOriginSetter	Sets the raster's cell origin.
RasterConvolver	Applies a convolution filter (sometimes called a kernel or lens) to raster features and outputs the results.
RasterExpressionEvaluator	Evaluates expressions on each cell in a raster or pair of rasters, including algebraic operations and conditional statements.
RasterExtentsCoercer	Replaces the geometry of input raster features with a polygon covering the extents of the raster.
RasterGCPExtractor	Extracts the coordinate system and the Ground Control Points (GCP) from the raster feature and exposes them as attributes.
RasterGCPSetter	Sets the Ground Control Points (GCP) on a raster with the specified Column (pixel), Row (line), X Coordinate, Y Coordinate and Z Coordinate.
RasterGeoreferencer	Georeferences a raster using the specified parameters.
RasterHillshader	Generates a shaded relief effect, useful for visualizing terrain.
RasterInterpretationCoercer	Alters the underlying interpretation of the bands of the raster geometry on the input features, using the specified conversion options. For example, an input raster feature with three bands of interpretation (UInt16, Gray8, and Real64) could be converted to a raster feature with three bands of interpretation (Red8, Green8, and Blue8) or four bands of interpretation (Red16, Green16, Blue16, and Alpha16) in a single operation.
RasterMosaicker	Merges multiple raster features into a single raster feature.
RasterPropertyExtractor	Extracts the geometry properties of a raster feature and exposes them as attributes.
RasterPyramider	Resamples rasters to multiple resolutions, based on either number of levels or dimensions of the smallest output raster.
RasterResampler	Resamples rasters, based on specified output dimensions, cell size in ground units, or percentage of original, and interpolates new cell values.
RasterRotationApplier	Applies the raster rotation angle on the input raster properties to the rest of the raster properties and data values. The expected input is a raster with a non-zero rotation angle and the expected output is a rotated raster with a rotation angle of 0.0. It is expected that the input raster properties will be modified to conform the output raster properties for a raster rotated by the given angle. Applying a rotation angle is primarily done for compatibility with other processing and writers that cannot handle a rotation angle.
RasterSubsetter	Clips raster features using pixel bounds instead of ground coordinates, and optionally adds cells around the perimeter.
RasterTiler	Splits each input raster into a series of tiles by specifying either a tile size in cells/pixels or the number of tiles.
RasterToPolygonCoercer	Creates polygons from input raster features. One polygon is output for each contiguous area of pixels with the same value in the input raster.
WebMapTiler	Creates a series of image tiles that can be utilized by web mapping applications such as Bing™ Maps, Google Maps™, or Web Map Tile Service. This is done by resampling rasters to various different resolutions and then splitting them into tiles.

Working with Bands

These transformers generally apply to bands.

RasterBandAdder	Adds a new band to a raster feature.
RasterBandCombiner	Merges coincidental raster features into a single output raster feature, preserving and appending all bands.
RasterBandInterpretationCoercer	Alters the interpretation type of individual raster bands, converting cell values if necessary.
RasterBandKeeper	Removes all unselected bands from a raster feature.
RasterBandMinMaxExtractor	Extracts the minimum and maximum band values, palette keys, and palette values from a raster feature, and adds them to a list attribute.
RasterBandNameSetter	Sets the band name of selected bands on a raster, making raster contents simpler to understand compared to band numbers.
RasterBandNodataRemover	Removes the existing nodata identifier from selected bands of a raster feature. Any values previously equal to the nodata value are considered valid data.
RasterBandNodataSetter	Sets a new nodata value on selected bands of a raster feature.
RasterBandOrderer	Specifies the required order of bands in a raster. Bands are reordered according to the input band indices.
RasterBandPropertyExtractor	Extracts the band and palette properties of a raster feature and exposes them as attributes.
RasterBandRemover	Removes any selected bands from a raster feature.
RasterBandSeparator	Separates bands or unique band and palette combinations, and outputs either individual raster features or a single new raster feature containing all combinations.
RasterStatisticsCalculator	Calculates statistics on raster bands and adds the results as attributes.

Working with Cells

These transformers generally apply to individual cells.

RasterAspectCalculator	Calculates the aspect (direction of slope) for each cell of a raster. Aspect is measured in degrees from 0 to 360, clockwise from north.
RasterCellCoercer	Creates individual points or polygons for each cell in a raster, optionally extracting band values as z coordinates or attributes.
RasterCellValueCalculator	Evaluates basic arithmetic , minimum, maximum or average operations on the cell values of a pair of rasters.
RasterCellValueReplacer	Replaces a range of band values in a raster with a new single value.
RasterCellValueRounder	Rounds off raster cell values.
RasterSingularCellValueCalculator	Performs basic arithmetic operations on the cell values of a raster against a numeric value.
RasterSlopeCalculator	Calculates the slope (maximum rate of change in z) for each cell of a raster.

Working with Palettes

These transformers generally apply to palettes.

RasterPaletteAdder	Creates a palette from an attribute, and adds this palette to all selected bands on a raster.
RasterPaletteExtractor	Creates a string representation of an existing palette on a raster and saves it to an attribute.
RasterPaletteGenerator	Generates a palette out of the selected band(s) of a raster. The output raster will have the selected band(s) replaced by a new band with a palette.
RasterPaletteInterpretationCoercer	Alters the interpretation type of raster palettes.
RasterPaletteNodataSetter	Identifies the palette key that matches a raster band’s nodata value, and sets a value on it.
RasterPaletteRemover	Removes selected palette(s) from raster features.
RasterPaletteResolver	Resolves the palette(s) on a raster by replacing cell values with their corresponding palette values. Palette values with multiple components, such as RGB, are broken down and the individual values assigned to multiple, newly-added bands.

Workflow Control

These transformers generally control the flow of features in a workspace.

RasterCheckpointer	Sets a checkpoint in the raster processing which forces previous processing to occur immediately. Once complete, it saves the current state to disk.
RasterConsumer	Requests the tile(s) from the raster geometry but no actual operations are performed on the tile(s).
RasterExtractor	Serializes the geometry of the feature into the Blob Attribute based on the selected writer format.
RasterNumericCreator	Creates a feature with a raster of the specified size with a numeric value and sends it into the workspace for processing. It is useful for creating a very large image with a user-specified width and height.
RasterReplacer	Replaces the geometry of the feature with the geometry held in the Blob Attribute. The blob is decoded according to the selected raster format.
RasterRGBCreator	Creates a feature with a raster of the specified size with an RGB value and sends it into the workspace for processing.
RasterSelector	Selects specific bands and palettes of a raster for subsequent transformer operations.

Vectors and Rasters

These transformers generally involve using rasters and vector data together.

ImageRasterizer	Creates a raster representation of vector or point cloud input features, using the fme_color attribute over a solid background fill for vector features. Point clouds may be rendered using their color or intensity components.
NumericRasterizer	Draws input point, line and polygon features onto a numeric raster filled with the background value. The Z coordinates of the input vector features are used to generate pixel values. Features without Z coordinates will be discarded.
MapnikRasterizer	Generates a raster from input vector and raster features, with fine control over symbolization and labeling, using the Mapnik toolkit.
PointOnRasterValueExtractor	Extracts the band and palette values from a raster at the location of one or more input points and sets them as attributes on the feature.
VectorOnRasterOverlayer	Rasterizes vector or point cloud features onto an existing raster. For vector features the fme_color attribute sets pixel color, and point clouds may be rendered using their color or intensity components.

This transformer accepts only raster features.

Original raster features and resampled (pyramided) rasters according to the parameter selections.

Non-raster features will be routed to the <Rejected> port, as well as invalid rasters.

Rejected features will have an fme_rejection_code attribute with one of the following values:

INVALID_GEOMETRY_TYPE
INVALID_RASTER_NO_BANDS

Rejected Feature Handling: can be set to either terminate the translation or continue running when it encounters a rejected feature. This setting is available both as a default FME option and as a workspace parameter.

Using the Text Editor

The Text Editor provides a convenient way to construct text strings (including regular expressions) from various data sources, such as attributes, parameters, and constants, where the result is used directly inside a parameter.

Text Editor

Using the Arithmetic Editor

The Arithmetic Editor provides a convenient way to construct math expressions from various data sources, such as attributes, parameters, and feature functions, where the result is used directly inside a parameter.

Arithmetic Editor

Conditional Values

Set values depending on one or more test conditions that either pass or fail.

Parameter Condition Definition Dialog

Content

Expressions and strings can include a number of functions, characters, parameters, and more - whether entered directly in a parameter or constructed using one of the editors.

Content Types

String Functions	These functions manipulate and format strings.
Special Characters	A set of control characters is available in the Text Editor.
Math Functions	Math functions are available in both editors.
Math Operators	These operators are available in the Arithmetic Editor.
FME Feature Functions	These return primarily feature-specific values.
FME Parameters	FME and workspace-specific parameters may be used.
Working with User Parameters	Create your own editable parameters.

RasterResampler

RasterTiler

WebMapTiler